Nikolai Kibalchich in the history of world rocket-space technics: discussion questions of domestic and world historiography
Heading:
| 1Savchuk, VS, 2Kushlakova, NM, 3Vavilova, IB 1Oles Honchar National University of Dnipropetrovsk, Dnipro, Ukraine 2Zakhidnodonbaskyy Institute of the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Pavlograd, Ukraine 3Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine |
| Space Sci. & Technol. 2019, 25 ;(6):70-83 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2019.06.070 |
| Publication Language: English |
Abstract: The article deals with the history of rocket and space technology and controversial issues regarding the role of Nikolai I. Kibalchich in the formation of the rocket-dynamic principle of motion. In 1881, Nikolai I. Kibalchich, while in prison for participating in the assassination attempt on the Russian Tsar Alexander II, developed the project of an “aeronautic device” (“flying machine”). As the basis of this device, he put a rocket dynamics principle. His project has been considering one of the first, if not the first, project of rocket technology, which opened up the opportunity of flying in airless space. However, as our study indicates, this point of view is not shared by everyone who is involved in the history of space exploration and rocket technology research.
We discuss opinions given in various bibliography sources on the N. I. Kibalchich’ role for uprising of the engineer thought in rocket technology. The appreciations of this role are given by researchers from Ukraine, Russia, and the former Soviet Union as well as from the European countries and USA. A critical analysis of various points of view has revealed several factors that have had and have up to now a negative sign on the evaluation of his “flying machine” project: revolutionary activity, participation in the killing of the Tsar, interpretation of its technical design as inapplicable to rocket and space technology, etc. Our study is aimed to minimize such judgments and to testify that “flying machine” proposed by N.I. Kibalchich using the rocket-dynamic principle of motion conceptually outstripped the engineering idea of the time when the inventor lived.
|
| Keywords: history of rocket techniques, outstanding personalities: Nikolai Kibalchich, rocket and space technology |
References:
1. Аndrew T. «Kul'tura Kosmosa»: The Russian Popular Culture of Space Exploration. 156 p. (Universal-Publishers Dissertation. Com, 2011).
2. Black book of names that have no place on the map of Russia. 356 p. Compiled by S. V. Volkov. 356 p. («Sowing», Moscow, 2016). [In Russian].
3. Chernyak A.Ya. Nikolai Kibalchich - revolutionary and scientist. M.: Sotsekgiz, 1960. 96 p. [In Russian].
4. Croft Lee B. Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich: Terrorist Rocket Pioneer. (Tempe, AZ: Institute for Issues in the History of Science, 2006) [In Russian].
2. Black book of names that have no place on the map of Russia. 356 p. Compiled by S. V. Volkov. 356 p. («Sowing», Moscow, 2016). [In Russian].
3. Chernyak A.Ya. Nikolai Kibalchich - revolutionary and scientist. M.: Sotsekgiz, 1960. 96 p. [In Russian].
4. Croft Lee B. Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich: Terrorist Rocket Pioneer. (Tempe, AZ: Institute for Issues in the History of Science, 2006) [In Russian].
5. Denysenko A. Mykola Kibalchich. The White Color of Viburnum. In: The Names of Ukraine in Space. The Scientific-Encyclopedic issue. Eds. I. Vavilova and S. Plachynda. Lviv: NAUTILUS, 2003; K.: VAITE, 2001, 2003; K.: Academperiodyka, 2003. 730 p. [In Ukrainian]
6. Gainor Chris. To a Distant Day: the Rocket Pioneers. University of Nebraska Press, Lincloln and London, 2008. (see, also, series “Pioneers of Space Exploration Book Collection”)
6. Gainor Chris. To a Distant Day: the Rocket Pioneers. University of Nebraska Press, Lincloln and London, 2008. (see, also, series “Pioneers of Space Exploration Book Collection”)
7. Gejda O. Archaeologist and collector Turvont Kibalchic. Bulletin of Chernihiv National Pedagogical University. Series: Historical Sciences, Issue 134 (11), 77—85 (2015). [In Ukrainian].
8. Goncharov А. Faces of revolutionary terror. Nikolai Kibalchich. Available : https://rusorel.info/lichiny-revolyucionnogo-terrora-nikolaj-kibalchich/ [In Russian].
9. Indications N. I. Kibalchich. From V. Kel’ner. March 1, 1881. Execution of Alexander II. (Lenizdat. Leningrad. 1991). 45—46 [In Russian].
10. Ivaschenko V. I., Kravets A. S. Nikolai Kibalchich: historical biogr. documentary story. 2. ed., corr. and add. 287 p. (Aslan, Moscow, 1995). [In Russian]. (see, also, Ivaschenko V.I. Mykola Kibalchich. К.: Molod’, 1962. 195 p. [In Ukrainian]; Ivaschenko V., Kravets A. He was waiting for the Galaxy: a document. story. K.: Molod’, 1966. 230 p. [In Ukrainian])
11. Kibalchich fuse. Chemistry and chemists. 2012. No 2. Available : http://chemistry-chemists.com/N2_2012/P2/ChemistryAndChemists_2_2012-P2-... [In Russian].
12. Kibalchich. Encyclopedia of science by Darling. http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/K/ Kibalchich.html (2013).
13. Khramov Yu. А., Kostyuk G. G., Mushkalo Yu. I. Pioneers of Rocket and Space Science and Technology. Science and Science of Science, Issue 2 (11), 86—109 (2016). [In Ukrainian].
14. Koltsova Mariya. Nikolay Kibalchich. In series: “Velikie umy Rossii”, Vol. 15. М.: Komsomolskaya pravda (2016). [In Russian]
15. Ley W. (1968). Rockets, Missiles and Men in Space. New York: Viking Press.
16. Losiak A., Kohout T., O’Sullivan K., Thaisen K., Weider S. Lunar Impact Crater Database. (Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar Exploration Intern Program, 2009); updated by Öhman T. in 2011.
17. Miller Ron. Was This the First Rocketship? Available: https://io9.gizmodo.com/was-this-the-first-rocketship-5985532
18. Minutko I. A. Three Lives: Kibalchich. In series: “Pioneer - means the first”. M.: Molodaya Gvardiya, 1986. 239 p.[In Russian]
19. Mykola Kybalchich. Outstanding Ukrainian Personalities of the Past. Memorial anthology. Editor-in-chief O. Shokalo. 624 p. (Euroimage, Kyiv, 2001) [In Ukrainian].
20. Nevedomskii I. N. N. I. Kibalchich: revolutionary and scholar. Actual problems of aviation and cosmonautics. 3, 1006—1007 (2017). [In Russian].
21. Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich. 24 p. (The foreign printing house of the «Narodnaya Volya», London, published in Geneva, 1882). [In Russian].
22. Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich. 1854—1881: [Collection of memoirs and other materials]. Ed. F. Diedov [et al.]. 55 p. (St. Petersburg, V. Raspopov, 1906, reprinted in 2015) [In Russian].
23. Pioneers of missile technology. Kibalchich, Tsiolkovsky, Zander, Kondratyuk. Selected Works. M.: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of History of Science and Technology, 1964. 672 p. [In Russian]
24. Plachynda S. P. The night before the start: stories, document. stories. K.: Radyanskyi pys’mennyk, 1971. 262 p.
25. Poltavskii Il. Inventor Kibalchich. Inventor. No 4 (1929) [In Russian].
26. Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich (1877—1942). Available: http://www.kosmos-inform.ru/re/rynin-nikolaj-alekseevich-1877-1942-gg.ht... [In Russian].
27. Rynin N. I. About the project of an aeronautical device of the system N. I. Kibalchich. The Past (Byloe). No 4–5 (32–33). 122—124 (1918) [In Russian].
28. Rynin N. I. Interplanetary communications. Missiles and Direct Reaction Engines: History, Theory and Technology. 216 p. (Leningrad, 1929). 4. [In Russian].
29. Savchuk V. S. The Personality of Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich in contemporary historiography: discussion questions. Materials of the thirty-sixth scientific readings «Dniprovska orbita». (Dnipro, 2018). 73—79. [In Ukrainian].
30. Sokol’skii V. N. Rockets on solid fuel in Russia. 287 p. (Publisher Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1963). [In Russian].
31. Siddiqi Asis. From Cosmic Enthusiasm to Nostalgia for the Future. A Tale of Soviet Space Culture. From Soviet Space Culture Cosmic Enthusiasm in Socialist Societies. Edited by Eva Maurer, Julia Richers, Monica Rüthers and Carmen Scheide. (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011). P. 283–306.
8. Goncharov А. Faces of revolutionary terror. Nikolai Kibalchich. Available : https://rusorel.info/lichiny-revolyucionnogo-terrora-nikolaj-kibalchich/ [In Russian].
9. Indications N. I. Kibalchich. From V. Kel’ner. March 1, 1881. Execution of Alexander II. (Lenizdat. Leningrad. 1991). 45—46 [In Russian].
10. Ivaschenko V. I., Kravets A. S. Nikolai Kibalchich: historical biogr. documentary story. 2. ed., corr. and add. 287 p. (Aslan, Moscow, 1995). [In Russian]. (see, also, Ivaschenko V.I. Mykola Kibalchich. К.: Molod’, 1962. 195 p. [In Ukrainian]; Ivaschenko V., Kravets A. He was waiting for the Galaxy: a document. story. K.: Molod’, 1966. 230 p. [In Ukrainian])
11. Kibalchich fuse. Chemistry and chemists. 2012. No 2. Available : http://chemistry-chemists.com/N2_2012/P2/ChemistryAndChemists_2_2012-P2-... [In Russian].
12. Kibalchich. Encyclopedia of science by Darling. http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/K/ Kibalchich.html (2013).
13. Khramov Yu. А., Kostyuk G. G., Mushkalo Yu. I. Pioneers of Rocket and Space Science and Technology. Science and Science of Science, Issue 2 (11), 86—109 (2016). [In Ukrainian].
14. Koltsova Mariya. Nikolay Kibalchich. In series: “Velikie umy Rossii”, Vol. 15. М.: Komsomolskaya pravda (2016). [In Russian]
15. Ley W. (1968). Rockets, Missiles and Men in Space. New York: Viking Press.
16. Losiak A., Kohout T., O’Sullivan K., Thaisen K., Weider S. Lunar Impact Crater Database. (Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar Exploration Intern Program, 2009); updated by Öhman T. in 2011.
17. Miller Ron. Was This the First Rocketship? Available: https://io9.gizmodo.com/was-this-the-first-rocketship-5985532
18. Minutko I. A. Three Lives: Kibalchich. In series: “Pioneer - means the first”. M.: Molodaya Gvardiya, 1986. 239 p.[In Russian]
19. Mykola Kybalchich. Outstanding Ukrainian Personalities of the Past. Memorial anthology. Editor-in-chief O. Shokalo. 624 p. (Euroimage, Kyiv, 2001) [In Ukrainian].
20. Nevedomskii I. N. N. I. Kibalchich: revolutionary and scholar. Actual problems of aviation and cosmonautics. 3, 1006—1007 (2017). [In Russian].
21. Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich. 24 p. (The foreign printing house of the «Narodnaya Volya», London, published in Geneva, 1882). [In Russian].
22. Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich. 1854—1881: [Collection of memoirs and other materials]. Ed. F. Diedov [et al.]. 55 p. (St. Petersburg, V. Raspopov, 1906, reprinted in 2015) [In Russian].
23. Pioneers of missile technology. Kibalchich, Tsiolkovsky, Zander, Kondratyuk. Selected Works. M.: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of History of Science and Technology, 1964. 672 p. [In Russian]
24. Plachynda S. P. The night before the start: stories, document. stories. K.: Radyanskyi pys’mennyk, 1971. 262 p.
25. Poltavskii Il. Inventor Kibalchich. Inventor. No 4 (1929) [In Russian].
26. Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich (1877—1942). Available: http://www.kosmos-inform.ru/re/rynin-nikolaj-alekseevich-1877-1942-gg.ht... [In Russian].
27. Rynin N. I. About the project of an aeronautical device of the system N. I. Kibalchich. The Past (Byloe). No 4–5 (32–33). 122—124 (1918) [In Russian].
28. Rynin N. I. Interplanetary communications. Missiles and Direct Reaction Engines: History, Theory and Technology. 216 p. (Leningrad, 1929). 4. [In Russian].
29. Savchuk V. S. The Personality of Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich in contemporary historiography: discussion questions. Materials of the thirty-sixth scientific readings «Dniprovska orbita». (Dnipro, 2018). 73—79. [In Ukrainian].
30. Sokol’skii V. N. Rockets on solid fuel in Russia. 287 p. (Publisher Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1963). [In Russian].
31. Siddiqi Asis. From Cosmic Enthusiasm to Nostalgia for the Future. A Tale of Soviet Space Culture. From Soviet Space Culture Cosmic Enthusiasm in Socialist Societies. Edited by Eva Maurer, Julia Richers, Monica Rüthers and Carmen Scheide. (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011). P. 283–306.
32. Societal Impact of Spaceflight. Ed. by Steven J. Dick and Roger D. Launius. XV. 680 p. (NASA, Washington, 2007). ISBN-10: 1493586246.
33. Strange Angel. The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons, George Pendle, Harcourt. 350 p. (CA, San Diego, CA, 2005). ISBN 0-15-100997-X .
34. The project of aeronautical apparatus N. I. Kibalchich (P. Schegolev). ThePast (Byloe). 4-5(10-11), 113—121 (1918). [In Russian].
35. Tonkovich R. D. The role of N. I. Kibalchich and N. A. Morozov in space exploration. Scientific conference «Cosmic solutions of terrestrial problems» (to the 50th anniversary of the flight into space by Yu. A. Gagarin) 23–25 March 2011. (Мoscow, 2011). Available: http://forums.vif2.ru/showthread.php?t=1993&p=6719#post6719 [In Russian].
33. Strange Angel. The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons, George Pendle, Harcourt. 350 p. (CA, San Diego, CA, 2005). ISBN 0-15-100997-X .
34. The project of aeronautical apparatus N. I. Kibalchich (P. Schegolev). ThePast (Byloe). 4-5(10-11), 113—121 (1918). [In Russian].
35. Tonkovich R. D. The role of N. I. Kibalchich and N. A. Morozov in space exploration. Scientific conference «Cosmic solutions of terrestrial problems» (to the 50th anniversary of the flight into space by Yu. A. Gagarin) 23–25 March 2011. (Мoscow, 2011). Available: http://forums.vif2.ru/showthread.php?t=1993&p=6719#post6719 [In Russian].
36. Tsymbal V. S. On the verge of death: a historical novel. K.: Pronin’, 1969. 312 p. [In Ukrainian].
37. Valeir М. The project of the aeronautical device N. I. Kibalchich (1881). From Flying into the world space as a technical opportunity. Under the general ed. prof. V. P. Vetchinkin; Translation, edition and additions of S. A. Shorygin. (ONTI, Moskow-Leningrad, 1936). 261—265. [In Russian].
38. Vavilov S. I. Preface to the Russian translation. From V. Sibruk.Robert Williams Wood. Modern magician of the physical laboratory. (ОGIZ, Moskow-Leningrad, 1946). [In Russian].
39. Ventskovsky O., Vavilova I., Yatskiv Ya. They Blased the Trail for the Space Pioneers: On Some Little-Known Ukrainian Names in the History of Astronautics and Rocketry. From History of Rocketry and Astronautics. Proceeding of the Fortieth History Symposium of the Internartional Academy of Astronautics. Spain, 2006. AAS History Series, IAA History Simposia: Editor Marsha Freeman, 2012, 37, 3—15.
40. Werrett Simon. The Science of Destruction: Terrorism and Technology in the Nineteenth Century.From The Oxford handbook of the History of Terrorism, edited by Carola Dietze and Claudia Verhoeven (Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2014). ISBN-13: 9780199858569.
37. Valeir М. The project of the aeronautical device N. I. Kibalchich (1881). From Flying into the world space as a technical opportunity. Under the general ed. prof. V. P. Vetchinkin; Translation, edition and additions of S. A. Shorygin. (ONTI, Moskow-Leningrad, 1936). 261—265. [In Russian].
38. Vavilov S. I. Preface to the Russian translation. From V. Sibruk.Robert Williams Wood. Modern magician of the physical laboratory. (ОGIZ, Moskow-Leningrad, 1946). [In Russian].
39. Ventskovsky O., Vavilova I., Yatskiv Ya. They Blased the Trail for the Space Pioneers: On Some Little-Known Ukrainian Names in the History of Astronautics and Rocketry. From History of Rocketry and Astronautics. Proceeding of the Fortieth History Symposium of the Internartional Academy of Astronautics. Spain, 2006. AAS History Series, IAA History Simposia: Editor Marsha Freeman, 2012, 37, 3—15.
40. Werrett Simon. The Science of Destruction: Terrorism and Technology in the Nineteenth Century.From The Oxford handbook of the History of Terrorism, edited by Carola Dietze and Claudia Verhoeven (Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2014). ISBN-13: 9780199858569.