Міжнародно-правовий режим космічного простору між Res Communis та Res Nullius
| Нігреєва, ОО |
| Косм. наука технол. 2022, 28 ;(1):23-42 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2022.01.023 |
| Мова публікації: Українська |
Анотація: Публікацію присвячено питанню міжнародно-правового режиму космічного простору. Робиться спроба визначити оптимальну модель міжнародно-правового регулювання відносин у сфері використання космічного простору та його ресурсів.
Досліджуються основні міжнародно-правові режими, застосовувані до просторів, що перебувають поза виключною національною юрисдикцією. Основну увагу приділено режимам res nullius, res communis, принципу загальної спадщини людства. Сучасне міжнародно-правове регулювання відносин, що складаються у зв’язку з дослідженням та використанням космічного простору, проаналізовано крізь призму цих режимів, а також у контексті категорії global commons, до яких часто зараховують космічний простір. Наголошується на тому, що останній категорії, хоча вона й є широко застосованою у сучасному науковому правовому дискурсі, бракує визначеності. Зважаючи на те що концепція публічних благ отримала особливий розвиток у економічній теорії, пропонується враховувати саме економічні властивості таких благ при розробленні режимів їхнього правового регулювання.
У роботі визначено особливості та комплексність відносин із використання космосу як об’єкта правового регулювання. Наголошується на необхідності формування комплексного міжнародно-правового режиму, який би поєднував елементи res nullius, res communis та загальної спадщини людства щодо об’єктів космічного простору із різними природними та, як наслідок, економічними властивостями.
Аналізуються останні тенденції у національній та міжнародній правотворчості, пов’язані із формуванням правового режиму експлуатації ресурсів небесних тіл та комерціалізацією цієї діяльності. Визначено їхній вплив на міжнародно-правовий режим космічного простору та тенденції його майбутньої еволюції. Наголошено на важливості виваженої національної позиції щодо формування правового регулювання комерційного видобутку ресурсів небесних тіл.
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| Ключові слова: global commons, res communis, res nullius, загальна спадщина людства, космічний простір, міжнародна правотворчість, міжнародно-правовий режим, програма «Артеміда», ресурси небесних тіл |
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