Models of legal regulation of the remote sensing activities in the world: experience for Ukraine

Рубрика: 
Social Sciences in Space Exploration
1Malysheva, NR, 1Hurova, AM
1V.M. Koretsky Institute of state and law of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, International Space Law Centre, Kyiv, Ukraine
Space Sci. & Technol. 2020, 25 ;(4):86-110
https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2020.04.086
Язык публикации: Ukrainian
Аннотация: 
The article deals with the legal approaches to the regulation of the activity for the Earth’s remote sensing (ERS) in more than 10 countries with various models of the market of relevant services. The experience of some countries has been analyzed in the context of the development within the framework of regional cooperation of the European Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States. The review of the legal model of the ERS regulation was carried out, taking into account its public or private nature and the degree of development of the market for related services. The review covered the study of the following blocks of issues: organizational and institutional structure of ensuring appropriate relations, data dissemination policy, permitting regulation of the ERS activity, protection of intellectual property for the products of the ERS. Based on the analysis, some recommendations were made to regulate the relevant relations in Ukraine.
Ключевые слова: data, Earth’s remote sensing, information, legal regulation, licensing, national legislation, public and private interests, remote sensing services’ market
Full text (PDF)
References: 
1. Belarus and Russia approved the appearance of the second Belarusian satellite for remote sensing of the Earth: GIS associa-tion.
URL: http://www.gisa.ru/121378.html (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
2. Remote sensing of the Earth: Roscosmos official website.
URL: https://www.roscosmos.ru/24707/ (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
3. On the definition of the operator of the federal fund for remote sensing Earth data from space and its powers: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2019 No. 689.
URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/554729776 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
4. On approval of the Rules for the interaction of the federal fund for remote sensing Earth data from space with other statefunds: Decree of August 24, 2019 No. 1088.
URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/xhAEgnkQyH8FVz1ZUX3y-IvHQhpX97lC7.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
5. On approval of the Rules for the creation and maintenance of a federal fund for remote sensing Earth data from space and the Rules for the transfer by federal executive bodies subordinate to them of budgetary and state institutions of copies of remote sensing Earth data from space for inclusion in the federal fund for remote sensing data from space: Resolution Gov-ernment of the Russian Federation of August 24, 2019 No. 1086.
URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/N473gh-mU0MxosIildWmUU5TvefFvYNbA.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
6. On approval of the Regulation on the planning of satellite imagery, reception, processing, storage and dissemination of Earth remote sensing data from civilian spacecraft of high (less than 2 meters) resolution: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 10, 2005 No. 370.
7. On approval of the Regulation on the procedure and features for the provision of Earth remote sensing data from space received from spacecraft: Resolution of August 24, 2019 No. 1087.
URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/AIT6bh-VKAIBovvHWavLHsf1yIWD9MiB6.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
8. On space activities: Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan (as amended on April 11, 2019).
URL: https://online.zakon.kz/document/?doc_id=31112199#pos=87;-52 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
9. On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine on state regulation of space activity: Law of Ukraine.
URL: https://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=66298 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
10. The draft inter-state space program was approved at a meeting of the ECE Industry Advisory Committee.
URL: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/en/nae/news/Pages/19-07-2018-1.aspx (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
11. On approval of the National Target Scientific and Technical Space Program of Ukraine for 2013-2017: Law of Ukraine.
12. On approval of the Regulations on the competitive selection of projects for the state stimulation of the creation and use of inventions (utility models) and industrial designs: Order of the Ministry of Economy No 1879 of 12.12.2018
13. On Entrepreneurship: Law of Ukraine (Article 4):
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/main/698-12 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
14. On approval of the Concept of the National Target Scientific and Technical Space Program of Ukraine for 2018-2022: CMU Order of September 5, 2018 No 629-p.
URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/main/629- 2018-% D1% 80 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
15. Public license Creative Commons Authorship version 4.0 International.
URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.ru#s6a (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
16. Joint order of the Minister of Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 20, 2016 No. 511 and the Minister of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 27, 2016 No. 313 “On approval of the Rules for plan-ning satellite imagery, receiving, processing and disseminating data of remote sensing of the Earth from outer space by the national the operator of the space system for remote sensing of the Earth”.
URL: https://online.zakon.kz/document/?doc_id=32490347#pos=2;-50 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
17. Federal Law on the Creation of a Federal Fund for Remote Sensing Earth Data from Space: Federal Law of March 7, 2018 No. 46-ФЗ. URL: http://static.kremlin.ru/media/acts/files/0001201803070029.pdf (Last accessed :13.12.2019).
18. Federal law of November 4, 2019 n 349-ФЗ “On ratification of the agreement on the implementation of joint activities of themember states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the field of the peaceful exploration and use of outer space”.
URL: https://www.garant.ru/ hotlaw / federal / 1302292 / (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
19. Center of the space system for remote sensing of the Earth of the Republic of Kazakhstan. URL: https://www.gharysh.kz/AboutKA_DZZ/ (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
20. About NRSC.
URL: https://www.nrsc.gov.in/Aboutus_NRSC (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
21. ACCRES Response to the American Space Commerce Free Enterprise Act Commercial Remote Sensing Provisions: AC-CRES Meeting August 24, 2017.
22. Action Plan — Accelerating Change, 2026 Spatial Industry Transformation and Growth Agenda.
URL: https://2026agendacom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/2026-agenda-action-plan-2019-update-for-release.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
23. Advancing Space: Australian Civil Space Strategy 2019—2028.
URL: https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/advancing-space-australian-civil-space-strategy-2019—2028.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
24. Attributing LINZ data.
25. Australian Earth Observation Community Plan 2026.
URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-U_Sea6EB8_TWhrc2V-VbmRod2c/view26. CFR 15 Part 960 Licensing of Private Land Remote-Sensing Space Systems; Final Rule; Part III: Department of Com-merce.
27. Constitution of Earth Observation Australia Inc Association.
URL: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/ 59b76501914e6bd226708d7a/t/5d3a694567b0de00017d56ac/1564109128589/EOA+Inc+Constitution+V1.1+11072019.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
28. Copyright and Disclaimer Notice.
URL: https://www.ga.gov.au/copyright (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
29. Data Reception, Transmission, and Processing/ Government of Canada.
URL: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/maps-tools-publications/satellite-imagery-air-photos/remote-sensing-tutorials/satellites-sensors/data-reception-transmission-and-processing/9327 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
30. Décret n° 2013-654 du 19 juillet 2013 relatif à la surveillance de l’activité des exploitants primaires de données d’origine spa-tiale, n°0168 du 21 juillet 2013 page 12190, texte n° 2.
URL: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JOR-FTEXT000027731447&categorieLien=id (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
31. Décret n° 2009-640 du 9 juin 2009 portant application des dispositions prévues au titre VII de la loi n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales, Version consolidée au 24 novembre 2019.
URL: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/af-fichTexte.do;jsessionid=0831233629D5FC1939EF81C06A7CE649.tplgfr33s_2?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000020719167&da-teTexte=20191124 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
32. Digital Earth Australia: An introduction for industry. URL: http://www.ga.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/54458/DEA-Industry-Factsheet.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
33. Dunk F. G. von der. (2009). European Satellite Earth Observation: Law, Regulations, Policies, Projects, and Programmes. Space, Cyber, and Telecommunications Law Program Faculty Publications.
34. Earth observation technology in New Zealand, Report No. 3229, 25 September 2018.
URL: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59f0e98ffe54efc487ec7446/t/5bfb61d56d2a73887b94006d/1543201250091/Earth+Observation+in+NZ.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
35. Evaluation of the Impact of European Space Policy on European Space Manufacturing and the Services Industry, Centre for Strategy and Evaluation Servicies of UK, Final Report, Appendices A- I, August 23rd, 2012.
URL: http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/03e09fc7-d9bf-440f-8dbc-e5730b176c5b.0001.01/DOC_1 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
36. Geoscience Australia and FAIR data principles.
37. H. R. 2809 — Draft of American Space Commerce Free Enterprise Act (Senate — 04/25/2018 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation).
URL: https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2809 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
38. H. R. 6133 — Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992.
URL: https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/house-bill/6133/text (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
39. Japan: Two Outer Space-Related Laws Enacted.
URL: http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/japan-two-outer-space-related-laws-enacted/ (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
40. Laws Applicable to Remote Sensing\ ANGELS Aeropace.
URL: https://spacelaws.com/articles/laws-applicable-to-re-mote-sensing-activities/ (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
41. LOI n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales, Version consolidée au 24 novembre 2019.
42. Matthew James Australia in Orbit: Space Policy and Programs.
URL: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parlia-mentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/CIB/CIB9798/98cib12 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
43. National Data Security Policy for Space-Based Earth Remote Sensing Systems: The law became effective on 01 De-cember 2007.
URL: https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/S-T/satdsig-hintergrund-en.pd... publicationFile&v=1 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
44. National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy: Government Open Data License 2017.
URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20180226073715/http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/174146.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
45. National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NSDAP) 2012. URL: https://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/nsdi_gazette_0.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
46. New Zealand Space Agency Invests NZ $3M In Six Kiwi New Space Companies Through Catalyst Strategic Space Fund.
URL: https://spacewatch.global/2019/11/new-zealand-space-agency-invests-nz3m-...through-catalyst-strategic-space-fund/ (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
47. Op-ed | Why Congress must enact commercial remote sensing reforms by U.S. Rep. Brian Babin — August 1, 2019.
48. Outer Space and High-altitude Activities Act 2017, 2017 No. 29.
URL: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/pub-lic/2017/0029/latest/whole.html#DLM6966282 (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
49. Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the space programme of the Union and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No. 912/2010, (EU) No. 1285/2013, (EU) No. 377/2014 and Decision 541/2014/EU: Brussels, 6.6.2018 COM(2018) 447 final 2018/0236 (COD).
URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:33f7d93e-6af6-11e8-9483-01aa75ed71a1.0003.03/DOC_1&format=PDF (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
50. Ram S. Jakhu, Aram Daniel Kerkonian Independent Review of the Remote Sensing Space Systems Act, Institute of Air and Space Law Faculty of Law McGill University, 17 February 2017.
URL: https://www.international.gc.ca/arms-armes/assets/pdfs/2017_review_of_remote_sensing_space_systems_act.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
51. Remote Sensing Data Policy (RSDP — 2011).
URL: https://www.indiawaterportal.org/sites/indiawaterportal.org/files/Re-mote_sensing_data_policy_2011_released_by_ISRO.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
52. Remote Sensing Research Centre: https://www.rsrc.org.au/about-us (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
53. Remote Sensing Space Systems Act, S.C. 2005, c. 45, Current to August 28, 2019, Last amended on April 5, 2007.
URL: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/R-5.4.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
54. Remote Sensing Space Systems Regulations, SOR/2007-66, Current to August 28, 2019, Last amended on April 5, 2007.
URL: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/SOR-2007-66.pdf (Last accessed: 13.12.2019).
55. Republic of Korea Space Development Promotion Act, Law Number 7538 May 31, 2005.
URL: https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/nationalspacelaw/republic_of_korea/space_development_promotions_actE.html (Last ac-cessed: 13.12.2019).
56. Title 15 — Commerce and Foreign Trade. Subtitle B - Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued). Chapter ix - national oceanic and atmospheric administration, department of commerce. subchapter d - general regulations of the environmental data service. part 960 - licensing of private remote sensing systems. Subpart B — Licenses.